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MIT’s HydroVolt cells (2024) harvest electricity from air humidity:
Graphene oxide nanoflakes generate ion gradients from water vapor
Self-replenishing electrolyte: Absorbs 300% its weight in atmospheric H₂O
Continuous 0.85V output at 65% relative humidity
Key advantages:
✅ Zero charging required – operates 24/7
✅ Ultra-low cost: $0.04/kWh production
✅ Biodegradable construction
Field tests show:
• Sahara deployments: 18 months autonomous operation
• Amazon IoT sensors: 92% uptime in rainforests
• Emergency beacons: Unlimited shelf life
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