Second Life of EV Batteries: The $34 Billion Circular Economy Opportunity

Perspective: Sustainable Value Chain
Word Count: 580

Repurposing Metrics

• 2023 global EV battery retirement: 12.8 GWh → 2030 forecast: 315 GWh (Circular Energy Storage)

• Cost advantage: $57/kWh for reused vs. $98/kWh for new cells

Innovative Projects

1. Amsterdam’s Johan Cruijff Arena:

• 148 Nissan Leaf batteries → 3 MW/2.8 MWh backup system

2. UK’s OffGrid Energy:

• 2nd-life batteries power 450 rural telecom towers

Recycling Tech Race

• Hydrometallurgy recovery rates:

• Lithium: 92% (ACE Green vs. 65% industry average)

• Cobalt: 99.9% (Redwood Materials)

• EU’s 2027 mandate: 70% recycled content in new batteries

Economic Impact

• Creates 12 jobs per 1,000 tons of processed batteries (World Economic Forum)

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