Perspective: Post-Li Chemistry
Word Count: 680
**Material Innovations** | Chemistry | Energy Density | Cycle Life | Key Challenge |
|------------|----------------|------------|---------------------------|
| Mg²⁺ | 400 Wh/kg | 1,200 | Mg stripping overpotential |
| Al³⁺ | 550 Wh/kg | 500 | Cathode dissolution |
| Zn²⁺ | 180 Wh/kg | 5,000+ | Dendrites at >60% DoD |
**Recent Milestones** - _MIT's Chloro-Aluminate Electrolyte_:
- Solves Al corrosion (0.02 mm/year corrosion rate)
- _Toyota's Mg-S Battery_:
- 320 Wh/kg achieved with Mo₆S₈ cathode
- _Zinc8's Air Battery_:
- $75/kWh system cost for 8h storage (NYC pilot)
**Commercialization Timeline** - Mg-ion: Pilot lines by 2026 (Pellion Technologies)
- Al-ion: Grid-scale demo by 2027 (Saturnose)
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