Photosynthetic Bio-Batteries

Word Count: 202
UCLA’s algae-powered battery (2024) merges biology and energy storage:

• CRISPR-engineered cyanobacteria generate electrons via photosynthesis

• Bilirubin oxidase/MnO₂ cathode enables 83% Coulombic efficiency

• Self-replicating electrodes grow 23% capacity annually

Real-world impact:
▶️ 5.2 W/m² continuous output – powering IoT sensors indefinitely
▶️ Carbon-negative operation: Sequesters 1kg CO₂/kWh
▶️ 100% biodegradable mycelium enclosure

Singapore’s Marina Bay pilot (2025) will deploy:

• Building-integrated bioreactors across 12 skyscrapers

• Estimated yield: 2.8 GWh/year + 620 tons O₂

Source: Science Advances (June 2024)

Zero Carbon，vape battery，battery cell，v battery