CRISPR-Engineered Biological Batteries

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Carbon-Negative Power Generation
MIT's 2024 bio-hybrid system combines synthetic biology with electrochemistry:

• Genetically modified Shewanella bacteria produce graphene ribbons from CO₂

• Enzyme-functionalized cathodes enable proton-coupled electron transfer

• Self-replicating anodes grow 23% capacity annually

Performance metrics:
✅ Continuous 8W/liter power density
✅ CO₂-to-energy conversion: 1.2 kg/kWh captured
✅ Full biodegradability in 90 days

Pilot deployment:
• Singapore Marina Bay floating farms (2025)
• 500 MWh/year capacity while cleaning seawater
• Dual-output: Electricity + organic fertilizers

"We're growing batteries like crops" – Prof. Angela Belcher, MIT.

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