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Sodium-ion batteries have crossed a critical threshold in 2024, with CATL’s Dahua chemistry achieving 160 Wh/kg energy density – rivaling early lithium-ion. Key breakthroughs:

• Hard carbon anodes using biomass waste (coconut shells)

• Layered oxide cathodes with copper doping for stability

• Ultra-fast charging: 15-min to 80% at -20°C

Deployed in China’s Three Gorges solar farm:
✅ 500MWh capacity at $57/kWh (35% cheaper than LFP)
✅ Zero thermal runaway in nail penetration tests
✅ 6,000-cycle lifespan with 93% retention

"This democratizes storage for developing nations" – IEA Energy Storage Report 2024.

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